Acorus calamus has been used for centuries as a folk medicine to treat infectious and noninfectious diseases. It is indeed interesting to see that ayurvedic texts like the cakradatta have recommended the purification of calamus root before use tripathi, 1991. Acorus calamus is believed of reducing fear and excitement. It flows even in the hottest and driest summer months because of groundwater from the underlying ogallala aquifer. The basic mechanism behind the plant revolves around the interaction of the gabaa receptors. Two kinds of acorus calamus about 30 years ago i did some experimenting with north american acorus calamus root. Effects on plant growth and tissue composition tararag pincam 1,2, hans brix 3 id and arunothai jampeetong 1,4, 1 environmental science program, faculty of science, chiang mai university, meuang, chiang mai 50202, thailand. Scientific validation of ayurvedic tradition from natural resources pulok kumar mukherjee1,2, venkatesan kumar1, mainak mal1, and peter j. It can tolerate partial water emersion so would make a. Acorus calamus grows either as wild or cultivated crop throughout india ascending upto 1800 meters in the himalayas.
The sweetness and bitterness of sweet flag acorus calamus l. The acorus calamus most extensively investigated phytochemically and pharmacologically. Anticonvulsant activity of raw and classically processed vacha acorus calamus linn. Asarones 2, 4, 5trimethoxypropenylbenzenes isolated from the essential oil ofacorus calamus l. Acorus calamus is a plant used in traditional medicine. Sweetflag, acorus calamus, one ofthefew extratropical members of. Pieces of rhizomes are easily dispersed by water along rivers and creeks. The sioux called the river sinke ta wote wakpa,food for the muskrat river. Acorus calamus argenteostriatus is a variegated variety of the native that provides a bright spot of color and structure to the water garden.
Acorus calamus is a tall perennial plant belonging to the acorus genus. Acorus calamus supplement health benefits, dosage, side. Calamus is also used as a medicinal herb to treat a. View of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of rhizome extract of. Neuromodulatory effect of acrous calamus leaves extract on. Acorus calamus is a semiaquatic plant that likes to grow with wet feet, often alongside irises, cattails, and other waterweeds. Morphological and chemical variations of sweet flag acorus. B asarone primary constituents acorus calamus are manly believed to be responsible for its wide therapeutic. Acorus calam us also called sweet flag or cala mus, among many common names is a species of flowering plant, a tall wetland monocot of the fam ily acora ceae, in the genus ac orus. Sweet flag, calamus, acorus gramineus plant delights nursery. Acorus gramineus japanese calamus is said to contain a ton of betaasarone, more than the others, so it should be the most carcinogenic, and many say its very weak compared. Acorus calamus also called sweet flag or calamus, among many common names1 is a tall perennial wetland monocot of the acoraceae family, in the genus acorus. Calamus river nebraska game and canoe ttrail parks.
The pollination of the acorus species is not known, but entomophily is likely because the pollen is sticky. The essential oil composition of acorus calamus sweet flag leaves collected in lithuania at different growing phases was examined by gc and gcms. Acorus calamus sweet flag calamus pfaf plant database. Within about 90 minutes i experienced a pleasant mild psychedelic trip that lasted several hours. Acorus calamus root and oil health benefits, uses, effects. Acorus americanus sweet flag matures to 2 in height. Uses, side effects, interactions, dosage, and warning. I ate about a foot of the dried just peeled rootstock i collected from a nearby swamp. Distribution of acorus calamus in the czech republic. Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a highly organised physiological process to eliminate damaged or abnormal cells.
In spite of common names that include the words rush and sedge, it is neither a rush or sedge. The plant is found in the northern temperate and subtropical regions of asia, north america, and europe. Acorus calamus variegatus plant information online. Diperkirakan, tumbuhan ini asli berasal dari anak benua india dan menyebar ke berbagai penjuru dunia melalui perdagangan rempahrempah. Neuromodulatory effect of acrous calamus leaves extract on dopaminergic system in mice vengadeshprabu ka, george ta, vinothkumar ra, nancy ja, kalaivani ma, vijayapandi pb, akmch college of pharmacy, kalapatty road, coimbatore641 048,tamil nadu, india. Acorus calamus also called sweet flag or calamus, among many common names is a species of flowering plant, a tall wetland monocot of the family acoraceae, in the genus acorus. Jeringau wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas. Extracts of dried acorus prepared with different solvents, acetone and ethyl acetate were tested for phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer and dna polymerase inhibitory activity. The leaves and rhizomes of these wetland monocot plants have a strong fragrance. Acorus calamus is an important medicinal herb that is widely used. Phytochemical investigations, extraction and thin layer. Acorus calamus is an herb that is used in ancient ayurvedic and chinese medicine and is known to enhance the cognitive abilities of a human being. Cancer is characterized by a rapid and uncontrolled formation of abnormal cells.
Araceae, commonly known as sweet flag or calamus, is a semiaquatic, perennial, aromatic herb with creeping rhizomes. Tumbuhan ini berbentuk mirip rumput, tetapi tinggi, menyukai tanah basah dengan daun dan rimpang yang beraroma kuat. It is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Commonly known as sweet flag, belongs to the family araceae adoraceae. Acorus calamus overdose other psychoactives welcome to. In recent times, focus on plant research has increased all over the world. Acorus calamus is a perennial growing to 1 m 3ft 3in by 1 m 3ft 3in at a medium rate.
Penicillium citrinum avge1 an endophyte of acorus calamus its. Despite safety concerns, calamus is commonly used by mouth for different stomach problems, including ulcers, inflammation of the stomach lining gastritis, diarrhea, intestinal gas flatulence, upset stomach, and many more. Acorus calamus is a showy and reliable water plant suitable for water gardens in the pacific northwest. Acorus calamus, commonly known as sweet flag, is a seasoning and herb traditionally used in ayurveda and traditional chinese medicine for its cognitiveenhancing properties. Isolation and characterization of insecticidal activity of. Analgesic and cytotoxic activity of acorus calamus l. Araceae, is an indigenous plant, traditionally it is used as an ingredient of various cocktail preparations and for the management of severe inflammatory disorders in indian system of medicine. Studies that last longer than a year show that even very lowdose supplementation can cause organ damage and intestinal tumors. Houghton2 1school of natural product studies department of pharmaceutical technology, jadavpur university, kolkata, india. Acorus calamus was established more than 15 years ago in pakruojis the wonderful nature retreat in northern lithuania, near where the river kruoja flows and also in the vicinity of one of the most beautiful and largest lithuanian mansions that has survived to the present day. Although used in traditional medicine over centuries to treat digestive disorders and pain, there is no clinical evidence for its safety or efficacy and i ngested ca lamus may be toxic leading to its. Acorus gramineus shi chang pu chinese herbs healing. A study was undertaken for two consecutive years to assess the possibility of optimizing rhizome yield of acorus calamus l.
Although used in traditional medicine over centuries to treat digestive disorders and pain, there is no clinical evidence for its safety or efficacy and i ngested ca lamus may be toxic leading to its commercial. Current status on biological activities of calamus. Sweet flag is best used as an accent plant in moist woodland gardens or as a bog plant. Provided by ars systematic botany and mycology laboratory. The rhizomes contain oil which has many medicinal uses. Arum, also known as lords and ladies, cuckoopint and wake robin, is arum maculatum, a common hedgerow plant in england. Calamus or sweet flag rhizome is derived from the perennial herb acorus calamus, which is widely distributed in damp situations in europe and north america. In particular, the sterile triploid acorus calamus has been dispersed by this means. This is a plant in the family araceae and an asian relative of acorus calamus sweet flag.
Products derived from acorus calamus were banned in 1968 as food additives by the united states food and drug administration. Cytotoxic activity of rhizome extract of acorus calamus bojho in combination with different antimicrobial agents. Acorus calamus variegatus has cream and yellow variegated leaves. The benefits and side effects of calamus acorus calamus.
Acorus calamus is used as a sedative to induce sweating. The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 2304. There has been much hue and cry about the toxicity of a. Present study investigated the attenuating role of acorus calamus plant extract in chronic constriction. It likes the edges of ponds, lakes, and rivers, but ive seen it growing in drier soil as well. Repellant and insecticidal activities of shyobunone and.
Australian national herbarium anh 2008 australias virtual herbarium, australian national herbarium, centre for plant diversity and. Acorus calamus has been found to contain an alkaloid that may be carcinogenic. The ethnobotany of sweet flag, acorus calamus araceae jstor. The genus acorus has three species, the deciduous acorus americanus, acorus calamus and the evergreen acorus gramineus. Unfortunately, supplementation of acorus calamus is not practical. Some studies also suggest that the herb has ability to treat neuropathic pain. Acorus calamus scientific validation of ayurvedic tradition from. An endophytic fungus isolated from rhizome of acorus calamus linn, was identified as. Acorus calamus sweet flag is a wetland perennial monocot plant, in which the scented leaves and rhizomes have been traditionally used medicinally against different ailments like, fever, asthma, bronchitis, cough and mainly for digestive problems such as gas, bloating, colic, and poor digestive function. Because of its aroma, the essential oil is of great value in the perfume industry.
Other common names of it include grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, dwarf sedge, drug sweetflag rhizome, japanese rush, rhizoma acori tatarinowii, japanese sweet flag, acorus gramineus rhizome, rhizome of grassleaf sweelflag, and so on. It prefers wet to wetmesic soil conditions, growing best in full sun. Preclinical studies suggested that acorus calamus supplementation had potential for treating neuropathic pain. The questionable chemical derived from the plant was.
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